In case 64bits per Transfer computer
1T/s = 1Transfer per second
1B/s = 1Byte per second
1bps = 1bit per second
1Byte = 8bits
1T = 8Bytes = 64bits
1T/s = 8B/s = 64bps
Memory
DDR4 2400Mhz = 2400MT/s or dual = 4800MT/s
2400MT/s = 2.4GT/s
= 8Bytes * 2.4GT/s = 19.2GB/s
= 64bits * 2.4GT/s = 153.6Gbps
Disk
Samsung 970 EVO M.2
Read 3500MB/s = 3.5GB/s = 8Bytes * 3.5GB/s = 28Gbps
Write 2500MB/s = 2.5GB/s = 8Bytes * 2.5GB/s = 20Gbps
# hdparm -tT
Test 1 : SSD OS to nvme
Timing cached reads: 12926 MB in 1.99 seconds = 6494.18 MB/sec = 6.5GB/s
Timing buffered disk reads: 6884 MB in 3.00 seconds = 2294.45 MB/sec = 2.3GB/s
Test 2 : nvme OS to nvme
Timing cached reads: 30378 MB in 1.98 seconds = 15356.09 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 6904 MB in 3.00 seconds = 2301.25 MB/sec
# dd test
Test 1 : SSD OS to nvme
Write 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.823558 s, 1.3 GB/s
Read 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.197429 s, 5.4 GB/s
Test 2 : nvme OS to nvme
Write 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.46825 s, 2.3 GB/s
Read 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.116292 s, 9.2 GB/s
SSD
R/W 500MB/s = 0.5GB/s = 8Bytes * 0.5GB/s = 4Gbps
SATA
SATA I 1.5Gbps = 1.5Gbps / 8Bytes = 187.5MB/s
SATA II 3Gbps = 3Gbps / 8Bytes = 375MB/s
SATA III 6Gbps = 6Gbps / 8Bytes = 750MB/s
Mini-SATA (mSATA) PCIe x1
PCI Express M.2 (Mini PCIe v2) PCIe 3.0 x4
PCI-SIG (PCI-Special Interface Group) : PCI Express External Cabling
PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)
1signal = 2wires(full-duplex byte stream)
1lanes = 2signals(TX/RX) = 4wires
lanes(width, by) : x1, x2, x4, x8, x12, x32
x4 = 4lanes = by 4
PCI Express ×1 cards end at pin 18
PCI Express ×4 cards end at pin 32
PCI Express ×8 cards end at pin 49
PCIe 1.0 signaling : 2.5GT/s
x1 : 250MB/s = 8bits * 250MB/s = 2Gbps
PCIe 2.0 signaling : 5GT/s
x1 : 500MB/s = 8bits * 500MB/s = 4Gbps
PCIe 3.0 signaling : 8GT/s
x1 : 985MB/s = 8bits * 985MB/s = 7.88Gbps
x4 : 985MB/s x 4 = 3.94GB/s = 8bits * 3.94GB/s = 31.52Gbps
x8 : 985MB/s x 8 = 7.88GB/s = 8bits * 7.88GB/s = 63.04Gbps
x16 : 985MB/s x 16 = 15.76GB/s = 8bits * 15.76GB/s = 126.08Gbps
PCIe 4.0 signaling : 16GT/s
x1 : 1.969GB/s = 8bits * 1.969GB/s = 15.752Gbps
x4 : 1.969GB/s x 4 = 7.876GB/s = 8bits * 7.876GB/s = 63Gbps
x16 : 1.969GB/s x 16 = 31.504GB/s = 8bits * 7.876GB/s = 252.032Gbps
PCI-X (133MHz 64-bit)
133MHz = 133MT/s = 8Bytes * 133MT/s = 1.064GB/s = 64bits * 133MT/s = 8.512Gbps
MRTG
100Mbps
= 100Mbps / 8Bytes = 12.5MB/s
= 100Mbps / 64bits = 1.5625MT/s
1Gbps
= 1Gbps / 8Bytes = 125MB/s
= 1Gbps / 64bits = 15.625MT/s
10Gbps
= 10Gbps / 8Bytes = 1.25GB/s
= 10Gbps / 64bits = 156.25MT/s
100Gbps
= 100Gbps / 8Bytes = 12.5GB/s
= 100Gbps / 64bits = 1.5625GT/s
