T/s, B/s, bps for 64bit calculation Hint

In case 64bits per Transfer computer

1T/s = 1Transfer per second

1B/s = 1Byte per second

1bps = 1bit per second

1Byte = 8bits

1T = 8Bytes = 64bits 

1T/s = 8B/s = 64bps

 

Memory

DDR4 2400Mhz = 2400MT/s  or dual = 4800MT/s

2400MT/s = 2.4GT/s

= 8Bytes * 2.4GT/s = 19.2GB/s

= 64bits * 2.4GT/s = 153.6Gbps

 

Disk

Samsung 970 EVO M.2 

Read 3500MB/s = 3.5GB/s = 8Bytes * 3.5GB/s = 28Gbps

Write 2500MB/s = 2.5GB/s = 8Bytes * 2.5GB/s = 20Gbps

# hdparm -tT 

Test 1 : SSD OS to nvme

 Timing cached reads:   12926 MB in  1.99 seconds = 6494.18 MB/sec = 6.5GB/s

 Timing buffered disk reads: 6884 MB in  3.00 seconds = 2294.45 MB/sec = 2.3GB/s

Test 2 : nvme OS to nvme

 Timing cached reads:   30378 MB in  1.98 seconds = 15356.09 MB/sec

 Timing buffered disk reads: 6904 MB in  3.00 seconds = 2301.25 MB/sec

# dd test

Test 1 : SSD OS to nvme

Write 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.823558 s, 1.3 GB/s

Read  1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.197429 s, 5.4 GB/s

Test 2  : nvme OS to nvme

Write 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.46825 s, 2.3 GB/s

Read  1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 0.116292 s, 9.2 GB/s

 

 

SSD

R/W 500MB/s = 0.5GB/s = 8Bytes * 0.5GB/s = 4Gbps

 

SATA

SATA I     1.5Gbps = 1.5Gbps / 8Bytes = 187.5MB/s

SATA II    3Gbps = 3Gbps / 8Bytes = 375MB/s

SATA III   6Gbps = 6Gbps / 8Bytes = 750MB/s

Mini-SATA (mSATA) PCIe x1 

PCI Express M.2 (Mini PCIe v2) PCIe 3.0 x4

PCI-SIG (PCI-Special Interface Group) : PCI Express External Cabling

 

PCI Express (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)

1signal = 2wires(full-duplex byte stream)

1lanes = 2signals(TX/RX) = 4wires

lanes(width, by) : x1, x2, x4, x8, x12, x32

x4 = 4lanes = by 4

 

PCI Express ×1 cards end at pin 18

PCI Express ×4 cards end at pin 32

PCI Express ×8 cards end at pin 49

 

PCIe 1.0   signaling : 2.5GT/s

x1 : 250MB/s = 8bits * 250MB/s = 2Gbps

 

PCIe 2.0   signaling : 5GT/s 

x1 : 500MB/s = 8bits * 500MB/s = 4Gbps

 

PCIe 3.0   signaling : 8GT/s 

x1 : 985MB/s = 8bits * 985MB/s = 7.88Gbps

x4 : 985MB/s x 4 = 3.94GB/s = 8bits * 3.94GB/s = 31.52Gbps

x8 : 985MB/s x 8 = 7.88GB/s = 8bits * 7.88GB/s = 63.04Gbps

x16 : 985MB/s x 16 = 15.76GB/s = 8bits * 15.76GB/s = 126.08Gbps

 

PCIe 4.0   signaling : 16GT/s 

x1 : 1.969GB/s = 8bits * 1.969GB/s = 15.752Gbps

x4 : 1.969GB/s x 4 = 7.876GB/s = 8bits * 7.876GB/s = 63Gbps

x16 : 1.969GB/s x 16 = 31.504GB/s = 8bits * 7.876GB/s = 252.032Gbps

 

PCI-X (133MHz 64-bit)   

133MHz = 133MT/s = 8Bytes * 133MT/s = 1.064GB/s = 64bits * 133MT/s = 8.512Gbps

 

MRTG

100Mbps

= 100Mbps / 8Bytes = 12.5MB/s

= 100Mbps / 64bits = 1.5625MT/s

1Gbps

= 1Gbps / 8Bytes = 125MB/s

= 1Gbps / 64bits = 15.625MT/s

10Gbps

= 10Gbps / 8Bytes = 1.25GB/s

= 10Gbps / 64bits = 156.25MT/s

100Gbps

= 100Gbps / 8Bytes = 12.5GB/s

= 100Gbps / 64bits = 1.5625GT/s